Visual impairments vary — some people can see outlines, light, or shadows, while others are completely blind. Many can move through streets and use public transportation without assistance. However, in some situations, especially during air raid alerts, they may need help.

The Charity Fund "Direct Inclusion" has put together some helpful tips on how to assist in these situations and how to interact effectively and respectfully:

• Ask before helping. Always ask if the person needs assistance. Make sure they know you're speaking to them. A gentle tap on the shoulder is fine, but avoid grabbing them suddenly. Respect their decision if they decline your help.
• Ask how to help. Don't be shy about asking how to assist correctly. Find out which side to walk on or if they prefer you to offer your hand or elbow.
• Point out obstacles. Inform the person of any obstacles along the way. For example, say, "Watch out for the traffic light" or "There's a turn coming up." People with visual impairments rely heavily on sound. If important events are happening nearby that are unclear from sounds alone, describe them.
• Explain unfamiliar spaces. If you're in an unfamiliar place or room, explain the layout: where the exits, restrooms, and seats are. Mention obstacles like stairs or barriers. Describe the space in a clear, clockwise manner, for example, "The sofa is to the left of the exit, and in front of it is a low table."
• Describe seating arrangements. If you're offering a seat, don't move them into the chair without explanation. Instead, tell them where the backrest or chair is positioned.
• Prioritize proximity to exits. Ideally, position the person near an exit for quicker evacuation in case of an emergency.
• Respect their organization. Visually impaired people remember where they place their items, so avoid moving their things without notifying them.

Previously, "Direct Inclusion" shared guidance on assisting people with mental health conditions during emergencies. The material is available via the link.